As we move through 2025, passkeys are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional passwords, though some challenges remain before widespread adoption becomes reality.
The Password Problem
Traditional passwords have long been vulnerable to cyber attacks through phishing, weak credentials, and password reuse. According to Microsoft data, passkey sign-ins take just 8 seconds compared to 69 seconds for password-based authentication with a second factor.
Benefits of Passkeys
Passkeys offer several key advantages:
- Cannot be guessed or phished
- Unique for each website
- Faster and more convenient than passwords
- Protected by biometrics or PIN
Current Challenges
Despite the benefits, several issues still need to be addressed:
Inconsistent Implementation Different "flavors" of passkeys exist, from device-bound to synced versions, creating confusion for both users and service providers.
Device Loss Concerns Users worry about losing access if their device breaks or goes missing. While backup options exist through credential managers, many users remain uncertain about recovery procedures.
Migration Difficulties Moving passkeys between different credential manager platforms remains challenging, though industry groups are working on solutions.
Recovery Process Vulnerabilities As passkeys become more prevalent, attackers may increasingly target account recovery mechanisms through email, phone, or chat support.
Platform Differences Varying terminology across platforms can confuse users and impact adoption rates.
Access Limitations Current passkey systems assume private device access, which may not work for shared devices or public computer usage.
Industry Response
The NCSC (National Cyber Security Centre) is actively working with vendors and organizations to:
- Resolve technical challenges
- Encourage passkey adoption
- Update regulatory standards
- Promote consistent implementation
Should You Use Passkeys?
For individual users, implementing passkeys offers improved security and convenience despite existing limitations. Organizations should evaluate whether they can address the current challenges for their specific user base before full implementation.
While passkeys represent the future of authentication, continued collaboration between industry stakeholders remains essential to overcome remaining hurdles and achieve widespread adoption.